Acceptance testing and quality control of gamma cameras. Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up to date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations. Quality control program a continuous quality control qc program must be established for the nuclear medicine imaging equipment with the assistance of a qualified medical physicist as outlined in the acrspr technical standard for diagnostic procedures using radiopharmaceuticals. The author attempts to show quantitatively that spatial r. Gamma camera, spect, quality control, intrinsic uniformity. The three key elements for checking the gamma camera are. It is a diagnostic instrument which is used to image the radiation from a radiotracer inserted into patients body. Basic principles of gamma camera imaging and quality control. Development of nemabased software for gamma camera quality. Gamma camera quality control qc requires several test procedures which involve experienced staff. This quality control atlas for scintillation camera systems has been developed under the auspices of the iaea. It scans the radiation area of the radiotracer and pro. The applications of scintigraphy include early drug development and nuclear medical imaging to view and analyse images of the human body or the distribution of medically injected, inhaled, or ingested radionuclides.
Moire interference in gamma camera quality assurance images. This paper gives a checklist for a variety of quality control tests including detector uniformity, detector resolution and linearity, center of rotation and spect resolution and. External quality control of gamma cameras results of an. Photopeak daily ensure isotope energy level centered over photopeak. In an attempt to help medical personnel and automate these tasks, a prototype expert system was developed. The detector of the gamma camera is placed over the organ to be scanned. In addition, quality control tests to assure good image quality are described. Pdf iaea quality control atlas for scintillation camera. Iaea quality control atlas for scintillation camera system presentation. Most digital cameras record light linearly, so their gamma is assumed to be 1.
The content has been established from the contributions of many persons and represents a wide range of situations from around the world and from scintillation camera systems produced by different manufacturers. Resolution, sensitivity, and contrast in gammacamera. Quality control of scintillation cameras planar and spect. Additional periodic tests may be carried out to provide more indepth testing. Abstract we have developed a crossplatform software application that implements all of the basic standardized nuclear medicine scintillation camera quality control analyses, thus serving as an independent complement to camera manufacturers. Quality control of nuclear medicine equipment includes both safety and performance tests.
We report the performance characteristic of gamma camera by intrinsic calibration and. Safety tests include checks of condition and operation of radiation detectors, warning lights, radiation protection meters and the condition of radiation shielding as well as testing the. Some 28 nuclear medicine departments out of a total of 40 participated in a nationwide austrian interlaboratory comparison of the imaging quality of gamma cameras. Resolution, sensitivity, and contrast in gammacamera design.
Routine maintenance, calibration, and quality control of gamma camera and spect imaging systems is crucial for providing the nuclear physician or radiologist images of high quality without artifact. Imaging and detectors for medical physics lecture 5. Iaea quality control atlas for scintillation camera systems. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. A discussion of common artifacts and how to avoid and correct them will be included. Clearly, there are a large number of factors that contribute to the final image quality, including uniformity, resolution both intrinsic and energy, collimation and the hard. Continuing education acceptancetestingandqualitycontrol ofgammacameras,includingspect paulh. Extrinsically includes the collimator spatial resolution phantoms orthogonal hole parallel line equal spacing ples. Pdf quality control of gamma camera with spect system is highly valuable for assurance performance characteristic. Understanding gamma correction cambridge in colour. A gamma camera is a perfect device for detecting nuclear fission products from either nuclear detonations or nuclear power plant reactors accidents. Routine quality control recommendations for nuclear. Computer aided scintillation camera acceptance testing, 1981 tg 22.
The performance of presentday gamma cameras is examined from a historical perspective and the prospects for further improvements assessed. The participation was voluntary, and confidentiality of the individual results was guaranteed. The gamma camera is an imaging technique used to carry out functional scans of the brain, thyroid, lungs, liver, gallbladder, kidneys and skeleton. Phantoms of this type are designed either to test the imaging quality of a gamma camera or to test the quality with which a particular nuclear medicine procedure is being performed. Routine quality control recommendations for nuclear medicine. The purpose of quality control qc is to detect changes in the performance of a gamma camera system that may adversely affect the interpretation of clinical studies. Review of the gamma camera quality control program. Tests for planar gamma camera imaging including uniformity, resolution, linearity, and.
It defines the relationship between a pixels numerical value and its actual luminance. Quality control of gamma cameras and nuclear medicine. Toward standardising gamma camera quality control procedures. These recommendations cover routine quality control qc of instrumentation used within a nuclear medicine department. Oxford university press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct. Quality control of gamma cameras and nuclear medicine computer systems report 111 is the latest report from ipem on gamma camera quality control. Interpretation of clinical images taken with the gamma camera rely on the assumption that differences seen are due to.
However, the cameras gamma is usually negligible by comparison. Gamma camera is a major imaging device used in nuclear medicine. Checked daily by placing a small amount of a known source of. The objective of a quality control programme of the gamma camera is to assure that the findings in the patient examination have their origin in the patient and not in the gamma camera itself. This lecture will provide an overview of the gamma camera and spect calibrations, performance measurements, and quality assurance tests, whether. Quality controls for gamma cameras and pet cameras. For extrinsic and intrinsic uniformity a minimum of 15,000 counts is recommended. As one would never take a camera with a broken lens on vacation, one should never use a spect or pet camera that is not functioning properly. Basic principles of gamma camera imaging and quality control sharon l. In order to localize the radiation from a given point in the organ and send it to an equivalent point on the detector, a collimator is placed over the base of the scintillation crystal. The operation of the basic gamma camera is shown in figure 15. Quality control qc the observation interpretation of clinical images taken ppt.
Quality control of gamma camera using phantom ct scan. Gamma is an important but seldom understood characteristic of virtually all digital imaging systems. White, phd university of alabama at birmingham july 16, 2015. Mar 10, 2014 it is one of the most basic qc tests of the gamma camera. The survey was completed within 2 months, employing instructors to administrate the tests. Lars johansson, in principles of translational science in medicine. This paper gives a checklist for a variety of quality control tests including detector uniformity, detector resolution and. The purpose of this guidance is to introduce standards for quality control of nuclear medicine equipment and to give recommendations for a technical quality control programme. Iaea quality control atlas for scintillation camera. The most basic and sensitive routine qc test of a gamma camera is that of uniformity. In nuclear medicine imaging, match the following quality control procedures with the relevant choice.
The scintillation gamma camera is a standard device available in every nuclear medicine department to obtain various organ images of patients. Rotating scintillation camera spect acceptance testing and quality control, 1987 tg 177. Quality control protocol in order to perform quality control tests in practice, by means of a quality control protocol, on the gamma scintillation camera and the computer connected with it, it is important to be already familiar with the general principles of a planar gamma camera system as imaging device used in nuclear medicine. Features that affect these performance characteristics will be discussed. We report the performance characteristic of gamma camera by intrinsic calibration and verification measurement. Pdf quality control of gamma camera with spect systems.
This lecture will provide an overview of the gamma camera and spect calibrations, performance measurements, and quality assurance tests, whether they are for routine quality control or annual physics surveys as defined by the acr accreditation program. Pdf assessment of gamma camera spect resolution using. Acceptancetestingandqualitycontrol ofgammacameras,includingspect. In that case, the file gamma may represent a combination of the encoding gamma and the cameras gamma.
We have developed a crossplatform software application that implements all of the basic standardized nuclear medicine scintillation camera quality control analyses, thus serving as an independent complement to camera manufacturers software. Review of the gamma camera quality control program c. Regulations, radiation protection, gamma camera quality control, pet, petct quality control. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about quality control gamma camera ppt. Interpretation of clinical images taken with the gamma camera rely on the assumption that differences seen are due to differences in tracer distribution in the patient only and not differences introduced by the gamma camera. Pdf development of nemabased software for gamma camera. Knowledge acquisition, representation and reasoning in a. Uniformity flood images of 515 million counts each day of use, before imaging begins.
The fundamental functional requirement of the software was that it implement nema quality control processing of digital imaging and communication in medicine dicom 4 format gamma camera data. Optimal parameters for quality control of the gamma camera are proposed. Development of nemabased software for gamma camera. Gamma camera systems are chosen based on departmen tal needs and the specifications which the manufacturers define as the camera performance characteristics.
Without gamma, shades captured by digital cameras wouldnt appear as they did to our eyes on a standard monitor. Based on standard parameters of quality control, this program includes 1 for gamma camera. The content has been established from the contributions of many persons and represents a wide range of situations from around the world and from scintillation camera systems produced by. Gamma camera imaging of quality assurance in radioactive. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Routine qc testing starts after installation of the instrument, and after acceptance testing, and continues on a regular basis throughout its lifetime.
Quality control in cardiac nuclear medicine and cardiac ct. In our case the selection of the platform used to code the application was based on the following considerations. The author attempts to show quantitatively that spatial resolution of 25cm fieldofview cameras has reached a point where further advances can bring only diminishing returns clinically, unless improvements in sensitivity, or alternatively, in photon. Once the camera is delivered and installed, verification of the camera specifications constitutes the first quality control test which is performed on the system. Quality control in medical imaging medical imaging instrumentation. The first talk will discuss the components of gamma cameras, image formation principles, and performance characteristics, such as spatial resolution, sensitivity, and energy resolution. The applications of scintigraphy include early drug development and nuclear medical imaging to view and analyse images of the human body or the distribution of. Quality control of gamma camera using phantom free download as powerpoint presentation. Photopeak daily ensure isotope energy level centered. Quality has become an unavoidable word in nm practice. The study has been done using the data from siemens symbia s series gamma. Our application allows direct comparison of data and statistics from different cameras through its ability to uniformly analyze a range of file.
Quality control guidance for nuclear medicine equipment. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Development of nemabased software for gamma camera quality control andrew rova,1 anna celler,2,3 and ghassan hamarneh1 we have developed a crossplatform software applica tion that implements all of the basic standardized nuclear medicine scintillation camera quality control analyses, thus serving as an independent complement to camera. Chapter 3 presents the concepts and general principles of quality control. This must be performed carefully preferably daily before using. A range of gamma and xray energies, which are to be accepted and processed. Planar scintigraphy used in nuclear medicine imaging emission imaging radioactive source inside patients body in both spect and planar scintigraphy radiation source used mainly 99 a 140 kev rays hence the name gamma camera. Routine quality control of clinical nuclear medicine. A later version of the basic anger camera is shown in figure 21. The most commonly used tracer is technetium99m, a metastable nuclear isomer chosen for its relatively long half. The performance of presentday gammacameras is examined from a historical perspective and the prospects for further improvements assessed. Gamma cameras image the radiation from a tracer introduced into the patients body.
Finally, a fourth group of phantoms are used to test software, which may consist either of programmes used to analyse patient studies or of reconstruction software. Quality control of gamma camera with spect system is highly valuable for assurance performance characteristic. View and download powerpoint presentations on quality control gamma camera ppt. Spect quality control qc, artifacts, and corrections camera quality control artifacts qc of the imaging system is essential for acquiring clinically useful image data. The first scintillation camera or gamma camera proposed by hal anger 1957 consisted of a singlepinhole collimator, a 4indiameter by 14inthick naitl crystal, seven 1. Siemens orbiter gamma camera system with intrinsic resolution of 3. Acceptance testing and quality control of gamma cameras, including spect.
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